Of 27 studies, 20 (74%) assessed a psychological outcome with a total of 24 different standardized measures. The Sad Truth About Pet Ownership and Depression - Psychology Today Summary of quality of life outcomes across studies ordered by sub-category. Discover a faster, simpler path to publishing in a high-quality journal. Pet-Owning Kids Are Generally Better Off Finally, Rodriguez et al. In fact, nine new articles were identified (three theses, six publications) that had been published since the last review on this topic in 2012 [9]. Many scientists study animal behavior because it sheds light on human beings. [15] found a significant increase in pep, energy, and feeling less worn out 3- and 6-months after receiving a mobility service dog while three studies found no relationship between the vitality domain and having a mobility service dog [17, 28] or a mobility, hearing, or medical service dog [35]. Using other standardized measures of independence, Matsunaka & Koda [42] found that those with guide dogs reported and lower stress while being mobile. Animal Studies Of Attachment: Lorenz And Harlow - Psychology Hub All articles were screened by two independent reviewers (authors KR and JG) using Covidence systematic review software (Veritas Health Innovation, Melbourne, Australia). Of five studies using a version of the UCLA Loneliness Scale [55] only Yarmolkevich [46] found significantly lower self-reported loneliness in those with a guide dog compared to a control group. Other studies found increased social connectedness 3-months after receiving a mobility or hearing dog [31] and increased community integration 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after receiving a mobility service dog [14]. In results sections, 15/21 studies with a control or comparison condition (71%) demonstrated that participants in each condition were comparable on demographic variables. Because of the broad inclusion criteria, the 27 studies were widely varied in terms of human and dog participants, assessment time points, statistical analyses, and standardized outcomes. In the overall quality of life sub-category, 2/8 (25%) comparisons were significant. In the self-evaluation subcategory, 5/19 (26%) outcomes found a significant effect of having an assistance dog on standardized measures of self-esteem, self-concept, and other measures of self-evaluation. Further, as publication bias and the file-drawer effect is an often referenced weakness of the HAI literature [22], two dissertation and thesis databases and abstracts of two conferences were searched for unpublished studies. [15] found no difference in self-esteem, adequacy, or competency over 12-months following receiving a mobility service dog. The principle disadvantage with animal experiments is the problem of generalisability. Still, some harms will remain, and ethically, one must weigh those harms against the potential benefits (for humans and for the animals themselves) to be obtained from the research. Studies assessed the effects of mobility (18), hearing (7), guide (4), and medical (2) assistance dog partnerships with an average sample size of N = 83. Discuss the Strengths and Weaknesses of the Use of Animals for
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