Identification of the second rib and thus the second intercostal space inferiorly is also useful when auscultating heart sounds. As it grows, the two halves of the sternum meet in the body's midline and fuse together. Its an abnormal shape of thoracic cage where chest is compressed anteroposteriorly and sternum is pushed backwards by the overgrowth of the ribs and might compress the heart. Upper border of heart is located at this level. The angle of Louis is the eponymous name given to the sternal angle which is the palpable anatomical feature formed from the manubriosternal junction. The degree of the sternal angle varies from person to person, but typically ranges from 149 to 177 degrees. Place your fingertips on the manubrium and slide your fingers down to the sternal angle. Last reviewed: December 27, 2022 Sternum, Jugular Notch, Manubrium, Sternal Angle, Body, Xiphoid Process, Clavicular Notch, Facets for Attachment of Costal Cartilages 1-7. [14] This condition results in sternal cleft which can be observed at birth without any symptom.[14]. It's an important structure because it marks the location of other structures in the body. If there is an infection, the wires may need to be pulled out, and a plastic surgery consult generally must be made so that the sternum can be closed with a muscle flap. If we just rotate the model around, you can see the sternal angle here and you've got the azygos vein draining into the SVC at roughly this T4, T5 sternal angle level. Trachea bifurcates into left and right main bronchi at this level. This forms an important . Its functions are to protect the thoracic organs from trauma and also form the bony attachment for various muscles. The sternum is composed of highly vascular tissue, covered by a thin layer of compact bone which is thickest in the manubrium between the articular facets for the clavicles. [11], Fractures of the sternum are rather uncommon. Because the sternum contains bone marrow, it is sometimes used as a site for bone marrow biopsy. This is a brief tutorial just to look at some of the important structures which lie at the level of the sternal angle.
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