[99] The Warsaw Ghetto was established in November 1940, and by early 1941 it contained 445,000 people;[100] the second largest, the d Ghetto, held 160,000 as of May 1940. [101] The inhabitants had to pay for food and other supplies by selling whatever goods they could produce. [412] However, where sexuality intersected with other identities, lesbianism could be used as an additional reason for persecution. [271] Victims usually arrived at the extermination camps by freight train. By comparison, non-Jews who correctly answer one question or less (including those who get none right) rate their feelings toward Jews at 58 degrees, on average. Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration With Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 19181947. [196] The Romanian military murdered up to 25,000 Jews during the Odessa massacre between 18 October 1941 and March 1942, assisted by gendarmes and the police. The following day, the United States declared war on Japan, and on 11 December, Germany declared war on the United States. [303] In the Biaystok Ghetto on 16 August, Jewish insurgents fought for five days when the Germans announced mass deportations. [9], Throughout the Middle Ages in Europe, Jews were subjected to antisemitism based on Christian theology, which blamed them for killing Jesus. Hence, total estimates are calculated only after the end of the war and are based on demographic loss data and the documents of the perpetrators. [53] On 1 April 1933, there was a boycott of Jewish businesses. Approximately 304,000 Jews, emigrated during the first six years of the Nazi dictatorship. [69] Around 7,000 Jewish businesses were "Aryanized", and all the legal restrictions on Jews in Germany were imposed in Austria. 16 was found by American prosecutors in March 1947 in a German Foreign Office folder. However, the questions were not meant to include all of the most essential facts about the Holocaust. [38] The Nazi Party (the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or National Socialist German Workers' Party) originated as an offshoot of the vlkisch movement, and it adopted that movement's antisemitism. [141], In the Bulgarian annexed zones of Macedonia and Thrace, upon demand of the German authorities, the Bulgarians handed over the entire Jewish population, about 12,000 Jews to the military authorities, all were deported. The respondents also took the surveys in different ways. [402] In Belgium, France, and the Netherlands, the Roma were subject to restrictions on movement and confinement to collection camps,[403] while in Eastern Europe they were sent to concentration camps, where large numbers were murdered. [116], In May 1940, Germany invaded the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium, and France. [353], The most commonly cited death toll for Jews is six million. [74] The result, David Cesarani writes, was "murder, rape, looting, destruction of property, and terror on an unprecedented scale".[75]. Charts & Statistics - The Concentration Camps - City University of [163] Christopher Browning reports that on 1 August 1941, the SS Cavalry Brigade passed an order to its units: "Explicit order by RF-SS [Heinrich Himmler, Reichsfhrer-SS].
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