To link to this article in the text of an online publication, please use this URL: https://historycooperative.org/the-battle-of-marathon/. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Upon receiving the answer, he swore vengeance upon them, commanding one of his attendants to say to him, three times every day before he sat down to his dinner, Master, remember the Athenians.. There are three different ways you can cite this article. His strategy was victorious over the Persians strength, and the victory of the Marathon men captured the collective imagination of the Greeks. Using innovative tactics, he succeeded in trapping the Persians in a double envelopment and nearly surrounding their army. The battle occurred on the beach, near the Persian ships, and can be visualized using the map of the Battle of Marathon in figure 2. After a failed naval expedition in 492 BC, Darius sent a second army two years later. Where was the Athenians buried after the Battle of Marathon? Sign up for our free weekly email newsletter! World History Encyclopedia, 16 Apr 2013. He then joined the rest of Athenian army to march from Athens to Marathon to attempt to hold off the large Persian forces massing just off shore. The dry reed buildings went up like tinder, and the resulting inferno consumed the city. The Athenians realized they had only two options to defend their families to the end, or to be killed, very likely tortured, enslaved, or mutilated (as the Persian army had a fun habit of cutting off the ears, noses, and hands of their defeated enemies). Seeing them begin to retreat, the Greek wings displayed excellent discipline in not following the fleeing enemy, and instead turned back in to attack what remained of the Persian center to relieve the pressure on their own thin center forces. The story of these day runners is the origin of the marathon race. Meanwhile at Artemision, the Persians were battling the elements rather than the Greeks, as they lost 400 triremes in a storm off the coast of Magnesia and more in a second storm off Euboea. 1. Instead, he turned around and made the incredible run, another 220 kilometers over rocky, mountainous terrain in just two days, back to Marathon, warning the Athenians that no immediate help could be expected from Sparta. At this point, the Greek center struggled against the Persian center. 2. By the first years of the 5th century BCE, the Persian Achaemenid Empire, under the rule of Darius I (r. 522-486 BCE), was already expanding into mainland Europe and had subjugated Thrace and Macedonia. And the peoples of Peru were approximately 300 years away from cultivating the potato. He suggests that the summer heat of August may have pushed the runner Commercial Photography: How To Get The Right Shots And Be Successful, Nikon Coolpix P510 Review: Helps You Take Cool Snaps, 15 Tips, Tricks and Shortcuts for your Android Marshmallow, Technological Advancements: How Technology Has Changed Our Lives (In A Bad Way), 15 Tips, Tricks and Shortcuts for your Android Lollipop, Awe-Inspiring Android Apps Fabulous Five, IM Graphics Plugin Review: You Dont Need A Graphic Designer. The Greeks then formed a phalanx by standing close together, typically in columns of eight, and using long spears to strike at their enemies from behind a wall of shields. There was also the matter of the Persian cavalry, numbering around 1,000. The Persian infantry carried a lightweight (often crescent-shaped) wicker shield and were armed with a long dagger or battleaxe, a short spear, and composite bow. Greek Dark Ages Facts & Culture | When was the Greek Dark Age? Cavalry, usually operating on the flanks of the main battle, were used to mop up opposing infantry put in disarray after they had been subjected to repeated salvos from the archers.
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