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The Prison Reform Movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries was a part of the Progressive Era that occurred in the United States due to increasing industrialization, population, and poverty. Ibid., 33-35; and Muhammad, Where Did All the White Criminals Go, 2011, 85-87. ~ Hannah Grabenstein, Inside Mississippis Notorious Parchman Prison, PBS NewsHour, 2018Hannah Grabenstein, Inside Mississippis Notorious Parchman Prison, PBS NewsHour, January 29, 2018 (referencing David M. Oshinsky, Worse than Slavery: Parchman Farm and the Ordeal of Jim Crow Justice (New York: Free Press, 1997)), http://perma.cc/Y9A9-2E2F. In past centuries, prisoners had no rights. Prisons History, Characteristics & Purpose | When were Prisons The SCHR states that they are consistently contacted by people who have been attacked or have had family members attacked while in prison. Only in the 1870s and 1880s, after Southern-based companies and individuals retook control of state governments, did the arrangements reverse: companies began to compensate states for leasing convict labor. A History of Women's Prisons - JSTOR Daily These shifting beliefs regarding race and crime had serious implications for black Americans: in the first half of the 20thcentury, racial disparities in prison populations roughly doubled in the Northern states most affected by the Great Migration.The ratios jumped from 2.4:1 to 5:1 nonwhite to white between 1880 and 1950. Attitudes to young offenders in the 20th and 21st centuries Prison reform is any measure taken to better the lives of prisoners, the people affected by their crimes, or the effectiveness of incarceration; it is important because it creates safer conditions for both people living inside and outside of prisons. Most notably, this period saw the first introduction of therapeutic programming and educational and vocational training in a prison setting.Ibid., 33-35; and Muhammad, Where Did All the White Criminals Go, 2011, 85-87. Long-term prison time was generally reserved for people who could not pay their debts. Let's recap what we've learned. Sunday Worship with Foundry UMC 4/30/23 9:00am CCLI 2668115 - Facebook In the 19th century, the number of people in prisons grew dramatically. Debates arose whether higher crime rates among black people in the urban North were biologically determined, culturally determined, or environmentally and economically determined. Changing conditions in the United States lead to the Prison Reform Movement.