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Two notable strengths: (1) it acknowledges the political dimension of ecocriticism; and (2) it explores a range of issues, from animal studies and definitions of "wilderness" and "nature," to postapocalyptic narratives. Desert Solitaire: A Season in the Wilderness, The Comedy of Survival: A Literary Ecology and a Play Ethic, Politics of Nature: How to Bring the Sciences into Democracy, Aravecz, N. Ecocriticism 101 Reading List., https://www.nypl.org/blog/2014/10/28/ecocriticism-reading-list, https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/subject_specific_writing/writing_in_literature/literary_theory_and_schools_of_criticism/ecocriticism.html. American emphasizes agrarianism and represents land as a resource to be cultivated. Ecocriticism did not start as a transnational project, but rather as a movement within U.S. and British literary studies. Glotfelty, Cheryll and Harold Fromm (Eds). Like feminism, ecocriticism is also divided into three developmental phases. from St. Ecocriticism - Wikipedia However, because there was no organized movement to study the ecological/environmental side of literature, these important works were scattered and categorized under a litany of different subject headings: pastoralism, human ecology, regionalism, American Studies etc. But since then it has spread worldwide. 40 0 obj 36 0 obj Originally published in 2004. 0000056574 00000 n 0000014796 00000 n <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 7 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S>> %PDF-1.5 There are three branches of pastoral ecocriticism: classical, romantic and American. cfp | call for papers << /Type /Font /BaseFont /FONTAA+Century /Subtype /Type0 /Encoding /Identity-H /DescendantFonts [ 29 0 R ] /ToUnicode 31 0 R >> The definitive version was published in Environmental Education Research, Volume 16 Issue 2, April 2010. doi:10.1080/13504621003624704 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504621003624704) "". During the late-1980s poet Jack Collom was awarded a 2nd National Endowment for the Arts grant, for his ground-breaking work in this emerging genre. Such anthropocentrism is identified in the tragic conception of a hero whose moral struggles are more important than mere biological survival, whereas the science of animal ethology, Meeker asserts, shows that a "comic mode" of muddling through and "making love not war" has superior ecological value. Ecocritics examine human perception of wilderness, and how it has changed throughout history and whether or not current environmental issues are accurately represented or even mentioned in popular culture and modern literature.