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[49][a] By the time the Colloquy ended on 8 October, it was clear the divide between Catholic and Protestant theology was too wide to be bridged. However, the uprising. [28] A long-standing Proto-Protestantism tradition dating back to the 13th century, the Waldensians had recently affiliated with the Reformed church and became increasingly militant in their activities. To make sure that no contender for the French throne was free to act against him, the King had the Duke's son imprisoned. Historians estimate that by the outbreak of war in 1562, there were around two million French Calvinists, including more than half of the nobility, backed by 1,2001,250 churches. [73] On the morning of 24 August, several kill squads were formed, one going out under Guise, which killed Coligny around 4am, leaving his body on the street where it was mutilated by Parisians and thrown into the Seine. With the succession of her minor son Charles IX in 1560, Catherine de' Medici maneuvered for a balance of power. 3. Change in Political Structure. Synonym rise (BE OPPOSED TO) SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases Taking action against people in power anarchist angry young man After the humiliation of the Day of the Barricades, Henry III fled from Paris. Philip VI | king of France | Britannica [citation needed], A key driver behind the Reform movement was corruption among the clergy which Luther and others attacked and sought to change. Updates? This, however, was no easy task. Hosted by Sabrina Tavernise. 19b. Louis feared a further escalation of the conflict against this formidable coalition. [citation needed], The massacres provoked further military action, which included Catholic sieges of the cities of Sommires (by troops led by HenriI de Montmorency), Sancerre, and La Rochelle (by troops led by the duke of Anjou). The leading Bourbons, the brothers Antoine, King of Navarre, and Louis, Prince of Cond, were Protestants. It's the poster characteristic of the teenager years: adolescent rebellion. Realism- Realism in the arts is the attempt to represent subject matter truthfully, without artificiality and avoiding artistic conventions, implausible, exotic, and supernatural elements. Francis, Duke of Guise, whose niece Mary, Queen of Scots, was married to the king, exploited the situation to establish dominance over their rivals, the House of Montmorency.