Dogs usually contract the disease by the following means: The signs of toxoplasmosis in pets are nonspecific, and most dogs show no signs of infection. (2014) 52:441920. Cats and dogs become infected withT. gondiiby ingestion of bradyzoites in mammalian or avian tissues or ingestion of sporulated oocysts from articles contaminated by feline feces (e.g., soil, water, vegetation). Human impact on the diversity and virulence of the ubiquitous zoonotic parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Brennan A, Donahoe SL, Beatty JA, Belov K, Lindsay S, Briscoe KA, et al. Antibiotics such as clindamycin, trimethoprim-sulfa, sulfonamides and pyrimethamine are administered to pets with toxoplasmosis. Much higher prevalence of oocyst shedding has been cited from other countries, (e.g., 17% in Czechoslovakia, 20% in Brazil, 23% in Costa Rica, 40% in Turkey, 41% in Egypt). Cats and other felids are the only species that develop patent infections withT. gondii, shedding oocysts 3-10 days following ingestion of bradyzoites in raw meat and 19-48 days following ingestion of oocysts. Trimethoprim-sulfa can be used alone or in combination with pyrimethamine. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. doi: 10.1645/15-821, 99. (2016) 155:S5474. In general, T. gondii infection is associated with a low rate of morbidity and mortality in dogs and cats, but clinical consequences for primary care clinics should be taken into account. 20. Oocysts -resistant stages for environmental transmission shed in cat feces; only produced by felid definitive hosts, Tachyzoites - rapidly dividing tissue stages found in all vertebrate hosts, Bradyzoites -slowly dividing, encysted tissue stages found in all warm-blooded vertebrate hosts. Most of infections in dogs and cats occur horizontally, but infectivity by the oral route depends on the parasite stage ingested, this issue has been revised thoroughly elsewhere (1). Young dogs whose immune systems arent fully developed and dogs whose immune systems are compromised are at greater risk of becoming ill due to the infection. Exp Parasitol. It is an extremely well-adapted parasite and rarely causes significant disease to the individuals it infects. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2009.07.003, 52. Some dogs will eat cat feces directly, but others can be exposed when cat feces comes into contact with food, such as raw vegetables in a garden, for example. Vet Clin Pathol. Pets with toxoplasmosis are commonly anemic however the white blood cell count often remains unchanged. Follow the recommendations for prevention of infection in cats to limit human transmission from oocysts.
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